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Further reading

Below is a suggestion of books, journal articles and other resources which relate to this project, and have informed our work on the subject.

Aantjes, C. J., et al. (2021). "Why Doesn't the Decriminalisation of Same-Sex Sexuality and Sex Work Ensure Rights? The Legality and Social Acceptance of Transgressive Sexualities in Urban Mozambique." Sexuality Research and Social Policy.

Agustín, L. (2002). "The (Crying) Need for Different Kinds of Research."  Research for Sex Work,(5): 30-32.

Aidsfonds (2016). "Sex work & violence in Mozambique. Needs Assessment report." Aidsfonds.

Aidsfonds (2016). "Sex work & violence in South Africa. Needs Assessment report." Aidsfonds.

Aidsfonds (2016). "Sex work & violence in Zimbabwe. Needs Assessment report." Aidsfonds.

Aidsfonds (2017). "Sex work & violence in Botswana. Needs Assessment report." Aidsfonds.

Augusto, Â. D. R., et al. (2016). "High Burden of HIV Infection and Risk Behaviors Among Female Sex Workers in Three Main Urban Areas of Mozambique." AIDS and Behavior 20(4): 799-810.

Awungafac, G., et al. (2017). "Systematic review of sex work interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: examining combination prevention approaches." Tropical Medicine & International Health 22(8): 971-993.

Bekker, L. G., et al. (2015). "Combination HIV prevention for female sex workers: what is the evidence?" Lancet 385(9962): 72-87.

Boothe, M. A. S., et al. (2020). "High burden of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among key populations in Mozambique: the urgent need for an integrated surveillance system." BMC Infectious Diseases 20(1).

Busza, J., et al. (2017). "Good news for sex workers in Zimbabwe: how a court order improved safety in the absence of decriminalization." Journal of the International AIDS Society 20(1): 21860.

Busza, J., et al. (2016). "Underage and underserved: reaching young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 28(sup2): 14-20.

Chabata, S. T., et al. (2019). "Changes Over Time in HIV Prevalence and Sexual Behaviour Among Young Female Sex-Workers in 14 Sites in Zimbabwe, 2013–2016." AIDS and Behavior 23(6): 1494-1507.

Chareka, S., et al. (2021). "Economic and social dimensions influencing safety of induced abortions amongst young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe." Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 29(1): 1881209.

Chiyaka, T., et al. (2018). "Reaching young women who sell sex: Methods and results of social mapping to describe and identify young women for DREAMS impact evaluation in Zimbabwe." PLOS ONE 13(3): e0194301.

Coetzee, J., et al. (2018). "Depression and Post Traumatic Stress amongst female sex workers in Soweto, South Africa: A cross sectional, respondent driven sample." PLOS ONE 13(7): e0196759.

Coetzee, J., et al. (2017). "Prevalence and patterns of victimization and polyvictimization among female sex workers in Soweto, a South African township: a cross-sectional, respondent-driven sampling study." Global Health Action 10(1): 1403815.

Coetzee, J., et al. (2017). "HIV-1 viraemia and drug resistance amongst female sex workers in Soweto, South Africa: A cross sectional study." PLOS ONE 12(12): e0188606.

Coetzee, J., et al. (2017). "Cross-sectional study of female sex workers in Soweto, South Africa: Factors associated with HIV infection." PLOS ONE 12(10): e0184775.

Cowan, F. M., et al. (2013). "Engagement with HIV Prevention Treatment and Care among Female Sex Workers in Zimbabwe: a Respondent Driven Sampling Survey." PLOS ONE 8(10): e77080.

Davey, C., et al. (2020). "Exploring the Association Between Mobility and Access to HIV Services Among Female Sex Workers in Zimbabwe." AIDS and Behavior 24(3): 746-761.

Davey, C., et al. (2019). "Mobility and sex work: why, where, when? A typology of female-sex-worker mobility in Zimbabwe." Social Science & Medicine 220: 322-330.

Deering, K. N., et al. (2014). "A systematic review of the correlates of violence against sex workers." Am J Public Health 104(5): e42-54.

Fearon, E., et al. (2019). "How Can Programs Better Support Female Sex Workers to Avoid HIV Infection in Zimbabwe? A Prevention Cascade Analysis." Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 81(1): 24-35.

Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, Continuum Press.

Gall, G. (2016). Sex worker unionisation: global developments, challenges and possibilities. London, Pagrave Macmillian.

Hardy, K. (2012). "Dissonant emotions, divergent outcomes: Constructing space for emotional methodologies in development." Emotion, Space and Society 5(2): 113-121.

Hardy, K. (2016). "Uneven Divestment of the State: Social Reproduction and Sex Work in Neo-developmentalist Argentina." Globalizations 13(6): 876-889.

Hardy, K. and G., Tom (2021). Infrastructures of social reproduction: dialogic collaboration and feminist comparative urbanism. A Feminist Urban Theory for our Time: Rethinking Social Reproduction and the Urban. E. K. Linda Peake, Gökbörü Sarp Tanyildiz,Rajyashree N. Reddy,Darren Patrick d/p. Oxford, Wiley: 262-284.

Hardy, K. and R., M (2018). "Compañeras de la calle: Sex Worker Organising in Latin America." Moving the Social: Journal of Social History and the History of Social Movements 59: 97-113.

Hendricks, S., Woensdregt, L., Nencel. L., Mosweu, O.R., Aoxamub, P.C., Chakuvimba, P., Dube, C. & van Beekum, I. (2016). "“Nothing for us without us” Participatory methods to study violence and sex work in southern Africa’." Practicing Anthropology 38(4): 63-65.

Hensen, B., et al. (2018). "Evaluating the impact of DREAMS on HIV incidence among young women who sell sex: protocol for a non-randomised study in Zimbabwe." BMC Public Health 18(1).

Huschke, S. (2019). "Empowering sex workers? Critical reflections on peer-led risk-reduction workshops in Soweto, South Africa." Global Health Action 12(1): 1522149.

Huschke, S. and J. Coetzee (2020). "Sex work and condom use in Soweto, South Africa: a call for community-based interventions with clients." Cult Health Sex 22(1): 1-15.

Inguane, C., et al. (2015). "Socio-demographic, Behavioral and Health Characteristics of Underage Female Sex Workers in Mozambique: The Need to Protect a Generation from HIV Risk." AIDS and Behavior 19(12): 2184-2193.

Irvine, J. M. (2014). "Is sexuality research ‘dirty work’? Institutionalized stigma in the production of sexual knowledge." Sexualities 17(5-6): 632-656.

Jewkes, R., et al. (2012). "Men, Prostitution and the Provider Role: Understanding the Intersections of Economic Exchange, Sex, Crime and Violence in South Africa." PLOS ONE 7(7): e40821.

Koloi-Keaikitse, S., et al. (2021). "Cultural Values and Beliefs of Selected Local Communities in Botswana: Implications for Human Subject Research Ethics Practice." Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics: 155626462110233.

Lafort, Y., et al. (2018). "Effect of a ‘diagonal’ intervention on uptake of HIV and reproductive health services by female sex workers in three sub-Saharan African cities." Tropical Medicine & International Health 23(7): 774-784.

Lafort, Y., et al. (2016). "HIV prevention and care-seeking behaviour among female sex workers in four cities in India, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa." Tropical Medicine & International Health 21(10): 1293-1303.

Lafort, Y., et al. (2016). "Are HIV and reproductive health services adapted to the needs of female sex workers? Results of a policy and situational analysis in Tete, Mozambique." BMC Health Services Research 16(1).

Lakhani, I. (2021). "You can’t break a SWEAT – Creatively fighting for the rights of sex workers in South Africa." Global Public Health: 1-11.

Lion, R. R., et al. (2017). "Gender and Sex Trading Among Active Methamphetamine Users in Cape Town, South Africa." Substance Use & Misuse 52(6): 773-784.

Lyons, C. E., et al. (2020). "The role of sex work laws and stigmas in increasing HIV risks among sex workers." Nature Communications 11(1).

Macia, M., et al. (2011). "Masculinity and male sexual behaviour in Mozambique." Culture, Health & Sexuality 13(10): 1181-1192.

Merrigan, M. B., et al. (2015). "HIV Prevalence and Risk Behaviors Among Female Sex Workers in Botswana: Results from the 2012 HIV/STI Bio-Behavioral Study." AIDS and Behavior 19(5): 899-908.

Mgbako, C. A. (2016). To Live Freely in This World: Sex Worker Activism in Africa. New York, NYU Press.

Mgbako, C. A. (2017). "The Case for Decriminalization of Sex Work in South Africa " Georgetown Journal of International Law 44: 1423-1454.

Motsoeneng, M. (2021). "Violence and HIV among female street sex workers in South Africa." Journal of Psychology in Africa 31(1): 93-97.

Mtetwa, S., et al. (2013). "“You are wasting our drugs”: health service barriers to HIV treatment for sex workers in Zimbabwe." BMC Public Health 13(1): 698.

Mtetwa, S., et al. (2015). "Competition is not necessarily a barrier to community mobilisation among sex workers: an intervention planning assessment from Zimbabwe." BMC Public Health 15(1).

Nagelkerke, N. J., et al. (2002). "Modelling HIV/AIDS epidemics in Botswana and India: impact of interventions to prevent transmission." Bull World Health Organ 80(2): 89-96.

Ndondo, H. M., et al. (2013). "Sexual and Physical Violence Against Sex Workers: A Qualitative Survey to Explore Experiences of Violence Perpetrated by Police Among Sex Workers in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, 2012." Sexually Transmitted Infections 89(Suppl 1): A312.312-A312.

Needle, R., et al. (2008). "Sex, drugs, and HIV: rapid assessment of HIV risk behaviors among street-based drug using sex workers in Durban, South Africa." Soc Sci Med 67(9): 1447-1455.

Ngale, K., et al. (2019). "Unseen, unheard and unprotected: prevalence and correlates of violence among female sex workers in Mozambique." Culture, Health & Sexuality 21(8): 898-913.

Ntseane, P. G. (2004). "Addressing Poverty, Unemployment and Gender Inequality in Southern Africa: An Alternative Strategy for HIV/AIDS Prevention with Sex Workers in Botswana." Convergence 37(4): 9.

Ohnishi, M. and E. Notiço (2011). "Reduction of Health-Related Risks Among Female Commercial Sex Workers: Learning From Their Life and Working Experiences." Health Care for Women International 32(3): 243-260.

Oliveira, E. (2017). "‘I am more than just a sex worker but you have to also know that I sell sex and it’s okay’: Lived Experiences of Migrant Sex Workers in Inner-City Johannesburg, South Africa." Urban Forum 28(1): 43-57.

Parmley, L., et al. (2019). "Female Sex Workers’ Experiences Selling Sex during Pregnancy and Post‐Delivery in South Africa." Studies in Family Planning 50(3): 201-217.

Pitpitan, E. V., et al. (2014). "Men (and Women) as “Sellers” of Sex in Alcohol-Serving Venues in Cape Town, South Africa." Prevention Science 15(3): 296-308.

Qiao, S., et al. (2019). "“In Zimbabwe there is nothing for us”: sex work and vulnerability of HIV infection among male sex workers in Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 31(9): 1124-1130.

Richter, M., et al. (2014). "Migration Status, Work Conditions and Health Utilization of Female Sex Workers in Three South African Cities." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 16(1): 7-17.

Rouverol, A. J. (2000). "‘I Was Content and Not Content’: Oral History and the Collaborative Process." Oral History 28(2): 66-78.

Ruddick, S., et al. (2018). "Planetary urbanization: An urban theory for our time?" Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36(3): 387-404.

Sanders, T. (2006). "Sexing Up the Subject: Methodological Nuances in Researching the Female Sex Industry." Sexualities 9(4): 449-468.

Sanders, T. (2016). Inevitably Violent? Dynamics of Space, Governance, and Stigma in Understanding Violence against Sex Workers, Emerald Group Publishing Limited: 93-114.

Scorgie, F., et al. (2013). "‘We are despised in the hospitals’: sex workers' experiences of accessing health care in four African countries." Culture, Health & Sexuality 15(4): 450-465.

Scorgie, F., et al. (2013). "Human rights abuses and collective resilience among sex workers in four African countries: a qualitative study." Globalization and Health 9(1): 33.

Semá Baltazar, C., et al. (2021). "Recognizing the hidden: strengthening the HIV surveillance system among key and priority populations in Mozambique." BMC Public Health 21(1).

Shannon, K., et al. (2018). "The global response and unmet actions for HIV and sex workers." The Lancet 392(10148): 698-710.

Shava, E., et al. (2021). "Feasibility of oral HIV self-testing in female sex workers in Gaborone, Botswana." PLOS ONE 16(11): e0259508.

Slabbert, M., et al. (2017). "Sexual and reproductive health outcomes among female sex workers in Johannesburg and Pretoria, South Africa: Recommendations for public health programmes." BMC Public Health 17(S3).

Svinurai, A. and J. Makhubele (2019). "Substance abuse and sex work: Protracting the potential of risky sexual behaviors among commercial sex workers in musina, limpopo province of south africa." Trames. Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 23: 29.

Tsang, E. Y.-H., et al. (2019). "Multilayered Stigma and Vulnerabilities for HIV Infection and Transmission: A Qualitative Study on Male Sex Workers in Zimbabwe." American Journal of Men's Health 13(1)

Wahab, S. (2003). "Creating Knowledge Collaboratively with Female Sex Workers: Insights from a Qualitative, Feminist, and Participatory Study." Qualitative Inquiry 9(4): 625-642.

Walker, R. J. (2017). "'If this isn't for my children, who is it for?' Exploring experiences of structural violence among migrant mothers who sell sex in Johannesburg." Families, Relationships and Societies 6(2): 291-306.

Wechsberg, W. M., et al. (2005). "Violence against substance-abusing South African sex workers: intersection with culture and HIV risk." AIDS Care 17(sup1): 55-64.

Wechsberg, W. M., et al. (2006). "Substance use, sexual risk, and violence: HIV prevention intervention with sex workers in Pretoria." AIDS Behav 10(2): 131-137.

Wechsberg, W. M., et al. (2017). "HIV Prevention Among Women Who Use Substances And Report Sex Work: Risk Groups Identified Among South African Women." AIDS and Behavior 21(S2): 155-166.

Wechsberg, W. M., et al. (2011). "Effectiveness of an Adapted Evidence-Based Woman-Focused Intervention for Sex Workers and Non-Sex Workers: The Women's Health CoOp in South Africa." Journal of Drug Issues 41(2): 233-252.

Wells, C., et al. (2018). "Characterizing the Patterns of HIV Disclosure to Clients Among South African Female Sex Workers in Port Elizabeth." AIDS and Behavior 22(12): 3924-3932.

Winton, A. (2007). "Using 'Participatory' Methods with Young People in Contexts of Violence: Reflections from Guatemala." Bulletin of Latin American Research 26(4): 497-515.

Zahn, R., et al. (2016). "Human Rights Violations among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Southern Africa: Comparisons between Legal Contexts." PLOS ONE 11(1): e0147156.

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